CHEM 524 : 2013 : Optical Spectroscopy Methods in Analytical Chemistry

Meetings: Regular lectures: 170 SES, 2-3:15 PM on Tu-Th,

Occasional Extra sessions: on Wed. (2 sections, 9-10 and 11-12?)

Lecturer: Tim Keiderling - office: 5407B
Questions/Problems - any day after class or by appointment
best means of contact: e-mail: tak@uic.edu, alternate, phone: x6-3156

For Keiderling group research interests see: www.chem.uic.edu/takgroup

Course Web Site: http://www.chem.uic.edu/tak/chem52413/


COURSE LEVEL: This course is a graduate level Analytical Chemistry course on concepts and techniques related to optical spectroscopy (UV-vis-IR) as used in chemistry and with a primary orientation toward analysis. The lectures and the learning expected of you will go into significantly more depth than the level and detail taught in an undergraduate instrumental analysis sequence (e.g. Chem 421 at UIC) and will assume that you are already familiar with the content of such a survey course. There will be some overlap with the undergraduate curriculum (we will do some review); however, some new aspects will not be fully covered in the lecture, but will require your learning them by reading on your own. It is expected that you will be come an independent learner and scientist in our program.

This is NOT a theory of spectroscopy course; that is available at an advanced level in Chem. 543, offered alternate (?) Spring terms in the Physical Chemistry sequence and at a more accessible level now each Spring for undergraduates as Chem 444. However, it does assume that the student has an introductory exposure to such a theoretical background at the senior undergraduate level, e.g. such as Chem 346-444 or Chem 344 at UIC. This background should enable you to better appreciate what is being measured with the various techniques and to understand some of the language used in explaining the analytical applications. It is also NOT an applications survey course; that is possibly taught as Chem 531 for Organic Chemistry and Chem 558 for Biochemistry. This course in optical spectroscopy techniques is complemented by other fundamental Analytical Chemistry lecture courses in separation science by Prof. Shippy, nmr by Prof. Ishii and in mass spectroscopy/surface techniques by Prof. Hanley, each of which is offered every other year. Depending on future hiring in Analytical Chemistry, the next offerings of this course may be quite different.

REQUIREMENTS: There will be aperiodic assigned homework and readings to illustrate the lectures and enhance discussion. Active participation in class AND completion of homework is expected for those taking the course for credit who wish to get a "good" grade. Thus BOTH will be graded in terms of completion, but not for "correctness". There is no assigned grader in Chem 524. Auditors are welcome and invited to participate.

EXAMS: There will be a Final exam which will reflect the entire course. It is worth 40-50% of the points determining the grade. There will also be an Hour exam (which is worth about half the final exam and is used to gauge progress), probably in mid to late February.

 

PRESENTATION: Teams of two (ideally) students will present a "sales pitch" to try to convince the class (who will represent your "boss" ) to purchase a currently available commercial instrument to solve a research/analytical problem. The teams will detail its components and argue why those components are the best possible (including cost-benefit trade-off) choices for some particular experiments. Presentations are NOT pedagogical, they do not lecture, but rather try to convince one to buy a specific instrument for a specific purpose. It will include results of "comparison shopping" to show why competing instruments are not as good choices for the particular application. A critical part of the evaluation is based on how well you justify the instrument for the research/measurement problem you propose. This is the kind of presentation you will be required to make to your supervisors to gain funds for new instrumentation in the "real world". A professional presentation and write-up is expected, and the presentation, preparation and writeup together will count as much as the hour exam.

TEXTBOOK: "Spectrochemical Analysis" James D. Ingle and Stanley R. Crouch, Prentice Hall, 1988. The course was designed around this book, so most of the material in the course will be directly related to the topics in the book. Though the text is now certainly quite dated, much of the contents are still relevant (e.g. optics and analog electronics are still the same, conventional spectrometers have not changed too much) and, unfortunately, I have not yet found an adequate substitute. It is available from the bookstore, but is not cheap (sorry!); some used versions may be available from older students. It would be possible to share a text, but it will be very hard to get through the entire course without having regular access to the text. There may be a shortage of texts; please inform me of your intention to purchase a book especially if the bookstore runs out. I will put some other useful books on reserve in the Library, unfortunately that is not local anymore. When lectures are drawn from alternate sources, I will try to give appropriate references.

Links to company and tutorial web sites are invaluable for broadening and deepening your understanding and appreciation of modern instrumentation. USE THEM

In addition I have put a link to differently formatted lecture notes from old Fall 2005 and Spring 2009 offerings of Chem 524 on a Web Site: http://www.chem.uic.edu/tak/chem52413/.

CLASS MEETINGS. There are currently 2 Timetable meetings per week scheduled for 1.5 hour each. We will occasionally need to go beyond the regular lecture sessions so that we can go into some topics at greater depth (as the class chooses), or answer extra questions, or work problems. We will also have some optical equipment demonstrations (which will be during extra sessions moved to 4342 SES) and we will need to make up for some missed classes when the lecturer is forced to be away. To do this we will schedule an extra session (at 9 or 11 am on Wed). Not all of these sessions will be used and occasionally when the size of the group demands it (e.g. for demonstrations) we will divide into two groups. Regular attendance is expected for regular and extra classes. If these times prove a hardship, we can discuss determining an alternate time.

Additional demonstrations of relevant equipment or computational techniques can be arranged on request if anyone is interested.

TOPICS: (It may prove useful to alter the order and timing of each topic as the class evolves during the semester. Following student suggestions in the past, I will leave some of the details for you to learn on your own from the text and handouts and will try to focus on generalities and applications in lecture.)

  • Introduction: Methods, Techniques, Terminology in a general sense. Material from Chap. 1 & 2 will be used.
  • Sources: Conventional (incoherent) sources - Blackbody, discharge, atomic, line and continuous. Lasers (coherent)-IR, Vis, UV - line and tunable - solid state, dye, gas/ion discharge, and time base - pulsed and cw (continuous). - Chap. 4 as a guide
  • Optics: Lenses, mirrors, polarizers, modulators, choppers, filters
    Spectrometers - dispersive (prism and grating) wavelength sorters
    Interferometers - Fabrey Perot, Michaelson (Fourier Transform) - Chap. 3 covers all these topics with help from optics texts
  • Sampling: more with individual techniques/applications (below) - Append E ?
  • Detectors: IR, Vis, UV - photon and energy - single and multichannel - Chap 4 +
  • Electronics: Focus on generic components of wide-spread use
  • Signal to noise ratio and detection limits: this ought to be interesting but it always proves difficult to discuss - Chap 5 & 6
  • Data analysis - Statistical methods, principle component or factor analysis, neural networks - all depending on the time available

Spectroscopic methods (including presentations):

  • Atomic Absorption/Emission - Chap 7-11 - we do much, much less than the book contains
  • Molecular - electronic (UV and vis) - absorption and luminescence, excitation/emission - Chap 12-13 and 15
  • Infrared absorption - vibrational spectra, dispersive and FTIR methods - Chap 14
  • Raman spectra/scattering - (mostly visible, with laser excitation and dispersive detection) - Chap 16
  • Other topics if class has interest, eg. Circular Dichroism, light scattering, non-linear spectroscopy

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