Chapter 8

What types of elements have covalent bonds?

See p. 250

The Interaction of Two Hydrogen Atoms

Hydrogen atoms

 

                      

sufficiently far apart

to have no interaction

optimum distance to achieve lowest

overall energy of system

 

H2 molecule

H:H

 

 

See p. 253 (bold)

 

                                                                     Unshared Pair

             

 

Octet Rules

Know p. 254

Highlight Central Atom

See p. 258

Resonance Forms NO3-

 

See p. 266

            coordinate covalent bond

Click here for a great site on Resonance

See p. 266à 269

Circle p. 258 1,2,3

Do Ex 21 ab, 22 p.274

Know isomers C2H2Cl2

 

 

EXCEPTIONS!!!

p. 259

odd electrons

NO and NO2 are classic examples

See p. 260

The B family

The Be family

See OH 6

Expanded Octets: See Table p. 261

PCl5 , SF6 , XeF4 are classics

The only true nonpolar bonds are?_________

Polar Means:

See OH 7,8

Know how to do Exp. 2 Ex. 8.5 without Table 8.2 but just chart!

 

 

 

If bonds in the product molecules are stronger than the reactants, the products are more stable and have lower energy.

"Weak" Bonds à "Strong" Bonds DH<0

"Strong" Bonds à "Weak" Bonds DH>0

 

SINGLE BOND ENERGIES (kJ/mol) at 25oC

 

See p.270 (in red)

Do Ex p.270

p.271 summary

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